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Explain about Dysmenorrhea .... ? " munipalli akshay paul "

Published by munipalli akshay paul @

Dysmenorrhea is the medical term for painful menstruation. It involves cramping pain in the lower abdomen and is one of the most common gynecological complaints among menstruating individuals.

Types of Dysmenorrhea

  1. Primary Dysmenorrhea

    • Painful periods without any underlying pelvic disease.

    • Usually starts 1–2 years after menstruation begins (often in teens and young adults).

    • Caused by overproduction of prostaglandins, which cause the uterus to contract.

  2. Secondary Dysmenorrhea

    • Menstrual pain due to an underlying reproductive disorder.

    • More common in adults aged 30–45.

    • Associated with conditions such as:

      • Endometriosis

      • Fibroids

      • Adenomyosis

      • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

      • Intrauterine devices (IUDs)

Symptoms

  • Cramping pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis

  • Pain that can radiate to the lower back or thighs

  • Nausea or vomiting

  • Diarrhea or constipation

  • Headache

  • Fatigue

  • Dizziness

Diagnosis

  • Based on medical history and symptom pattern

  • Pelvic exam

  • Ultrasound or MRI (to identify structural causes in secondary dysmenorrhea)

  • Laparoscopy (in some cases of suspected endometriosis)

Treatment

For Primary Dysmenorrhea:

  • NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs): Ibuprofen, naproxen – reduce prostaglandin production

  • Hormonal contraceptives: Birth control pills, patches, or hormonal IUDs – suppress ovulation and reduce menstrual flow

  • Heat therapy: Heating pads on the abdomen

  • Lifestyle changes: Exercise, stress reduction, adequate sleep

For Secondary Dysmenorrhea:

  • Treat the underlying cause (e.g., endometriosis or fibroids)

  • May require:

    • Hormonal treatments

    • Antibiotics (if infection is present)

    • Surgery (for fibroids, endometriosis, or adhesions)

When to See a Doctor

  • If menstrual pain interferes with daily activities

  • If pain worsens over time

  • If pain is not relieved by OTC medications.


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